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Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Wild Birds in the United States Represent Distinct Lineages Defined by Bird Type

Within-host evolution of *S.* Typhimurium may lead to pathovars adapted to specific hosts.

Mcc1229, an Stx2a-Amplifying Microcin, Is Produced In Vivo and Requires CirA for Activity

Enterohemorrhagic *Escherichia coli* (EHEC) strains, including the foodborne pathogen *E. coli* O157:H7, are responsible for thousands of hospitalizations each year. Various environmental triggers can modulate pathogenicity in EHEC by inducing the …

A toxic environment: a growing understanding of how microbial communities affect Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga toxin expression

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains, including E. coli O157:H7, cause severe illness in humans due to the production of Shiga toxin (Stx) and other virulence factors. Because Stx is coregulated with lambdoid prophage induction, its …

Whole-genome sequences of Salmonella isolates from an ecological wastewater treatment system

Twenty-seven Salmonella isolates were collected from four locations within an ecological wastewater treatment system located at The Pennsylvania State University and were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. The sequences obtained were used for in …

Botulinum neurotoxin-encoding plasmids can be conjugatively transferred to diverse clostridial strains

Most Group I Clostridium botulinum strains harbor botulinum neurotoxin (bont) genes on their chromosome, while some carry these genes (including bont/a, bont/b, and bont/f) on large plasmids. Prior work in our laboratory demonstrated that Group I …

Purification and characterization of botulinum neurotoxin FA from a genetically modified Clostridium botulinum strain

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by anaerobic bacteria, are the cause of the potentially deadly, neuroparalytic disease botulism. BoNTs have been classified into seven serotypes, serotypes A to G, based upon their selective neutralization by …

Resveratrol is cidal to both classes of *Haemophilus ducreyi*

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, is produced by plants in response to infection and has antibacterial activity. *Haemophilus ducreyi* is a Gram-negative bacterium that is the causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease chancroid. This …